Which vital signs are typically assessed by EMS personnel?

The correct answer includes vital signs that are standardly assessed by EMS personnel during patient evaluation. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature, and oxygen saturation are essential indicators of a patient’s physiological status.

Heart rate is crucial for assessing cardiac function and rhythm; blood pressure provides insights into blood flow and vascular health; respiratory rate indicates the effectiveness of a patient's breathing; temperature can signal infection or other systemic issues; and oxygen saturation reflects the efficacy of pulmonary gas exchange. Together, these measurements are foundational for determining a patient's condition and guiding treatment decisions on-site and during transport to medical facilities.

Other options include elements that may be relevant in broader examinations or specific contexts, but they do not encompass the core set of vital signs typically monitored by EMS. For example, while blood glucose is important, it is not classified as a vital sign in this context. Skin color and pupil response are more signs of physical assessment rather than vital signs. Body mass is not a critical vital sign for immediate assessment, and heart rhythm, while important, is usually evaluated through a more specific cardiac assessment beyond basic vital signs.